V
Ist Visa Inc. (V) halal?
Visa Inc. (V) is currently classified COMPLIANT under the AAOIFI Standard 21 halal screen - the strictest of the mainstream halal certification frameworks, with a debt ratio of 3.1% against the 30% AAOIFI threshold. The full breakdown of which AAOIFI criteria the stock passes or fails is below. Educational screen, not a fatwa - always verify with your local scholar.
AAOIFI Standard 21 criteria. The screen tests four conditions, each independently disqualifying: (1) business activity must not be in prohibited sectors (alcohol, gambling, conventional banking, conventional insurance, pork, adult entertainment, weapons of mass destruction), (2) interest-bearing debt as a share of market cap (or total assets) must be below 30%, (3) interest-bearing income as a share of total revenue must be below 5%, and (4) illicit-business revenue as a share of total revenue must be below 5%.
Visa Inc.'s screen result. Visa Inc. operates in the Financial Services sector (Financial - Credit Services industry), with a debt ratio of 3.1%. Refer to the full screen output for the per-criterion pass/fail signal.
Why AAOIFI vs lighter screens. Dow Jones Islamic and S&P Shariah indices allow up to 33% debt-to-market-cap, which lets in many companies that classical Islamic jurisprudence would exclude. AAOIFI Standard 21's stricter 30% debt-to-assets threshold reflects classical scholarship - stocks that pass it are accepted by Saudi, Emirati, and Malaysian Sharia boards. invest-like uses AAOIFI specifically because the looser screens admit borderline cases that defeat the purpose of a halal screen for most observant investors.
Important caveats. This is an automated educational screen against documented AAOIFI criteria, not a religious fatwa. AAOIFI thresholds can change; some scholars apply additional qualitative tests (debt purification, dividend purification) beyond the four quantitative criteria above. Always verify with your local scholar before treating any stock as halal-compliant for your specific purposes.
How invest-like measures this
invest-like wendet den AAOIFI Standard 21 Screen an - den strengsten der Mainstream-Halal-Screens. Er prüft drei quantitative Kriterien (Verschuldungsgrad, zinstragende Einkünfte, Erlöse aus unzulässigen Geschäftsfeldern) plus einen qualitativen Geschäftsfeld-Test. Eine Aktie wird nur als HALAL klassifiziert, wenn sie alle vier besteht.
Die AAOIFI-Schwellenwerte sind absichtlich strenger als die Dow Jones Islamic und S&P Shariah Indizes - sie spiegeln klassische islamische Rechtswissenschaft wider, nicht leichtere westliche Sharia-Indizes, die bis zu 33% Verschuldungsgrad erlauben. Aktien, die den AAOIFI-Screen bestehen, werden von den meisten Sharia-Boards in Saudi-Arabien, den VAE und Malaysia akzeptiert. Verifiziere immer mit deinem lokalen Gelehrten; dies ist ein Bildungs-Screen, keine Fatwa.
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