BKNG
Booking Holdings Inc. (BKNG) est-elle halal ?
Booking Holdings Inc. (BKNG) is currently classified COMPLIANT under the AAOIFI Standard 21 halal screen - the strictest of the mainstream halal certification frameworks, with a debt ratio of 13.5% against the 30% AAOIFI threshold. The full breakdown of which AAOIFI criteria the stock passes or fails is below. Educational screen, not a fatwa - always verify with your local scholar.
AAOIFI Standard 21 criteria. The screen tests four conditions, each independently disqualifying: (1) business activity must not be in prohibited sectors (alcohol, gambling, conventional banking, conventional insurance, pork, adult entertainment, weapons of mass destruction), (2) interest-bearing debt as a share of market cap (or total assets) must be below 30%, (3) interest-bearing income as a share of total revenue must be below 5%, and (4) illicit-business revenue as a share of total revenue must be below 5%.
Booking Holdings Inc.'s screen result. Booking Holdings Inc. operates in the Consumer Cyclical sector (Travel Services industry), with a debt ratio of 13.5%. Refer to the full screen output for the per-criterion pass/fail signal.
Why AAOIFI vs lighter screens. Dow Jones Islamic and S&P Shariah indices allow up to 33% debt-to-market-cap, which lets in many companies that classical Islamic jurisprudence would exclude. AAOIFI Standard 21's stricter 30% debt-to-assets threshold reflects classical scholarship - stocks that pass it are accepted by Saudi, Emirati, and Malaysian Sharia boards. invest-like uses AAOIFI specifically because the looser screens admit borderline cases that defeat the purpose of a halal screen for most observant investors.
Important caveats. This is an automated educational screen against documented AAOIFI criteria, not a religious fatwa. AAOIFI thresholds can change; some scholars apply additional qualitative tests (debt purification, dividend purification) beyond the four quantitative criteria above. Always verify with your local scholar before treating any stock as halal-compliant for your specific purposes.
How invest-like measures this
invest-like applique le filtre AAOIFI Standard 21 - le plus strict des filtres halal mainstream. Il teste trois critères quantitatifs (ratio d'endettement, revenus portant intérêt, revenus d'activités illicites) plus un test qualitatif d'activité commerciale. Une action est classée HALAL uniquement si elle passe les quatre.
Les seuils AAOIFI sont volontairement plus stricts que les indices Dow Jones Islamic et S&P Shariah - ils reflètent la jurisprudence islamique classique, pas les indices Sharia occidentaux plus légers qui autorisent jusqu'à 33% de ratio d'endettement. Les actions qui passent le filtre AAOIFI sont acceptées par la plupart des conseils de Sharia saoudiens, émiratis et malaisiens. Vérifie toujours avec ton érudit local ; il s'agit d'un filtre éducatif, pas d'une fatwa.
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Analyse de cadre éducative uniquement. Ce n'est pas un conseil en investissement, ni une recommandation, ni personnalisé à ta situation. Fais toujours tes propres recherches.