LNC
Lincoln National Corporation (LNC) currently trades at a P/E of 3.8x with an owner-earnings yield of -2.5%. The Buffett-Fit valuation pillar - owner-earnings yield, intrinsic-value multiple, and the company's underlying compounding rate - is the framework used on this page to grade undervaluation. Educational only, not investment advice.
Headline multiples. Lincoln National Corporation trades at a trailing P/E of 3.8x, a P/B of 0.65x, and an EV-to-EBIT of 4.2x. None of these in isolation tells you whether the stock is undervalued - a 30x P/E is cheap for a quality compounder and expensive for a cyclical commodity producer. The point is the relationship between price and the underlying business quality on the same scale.
Owner-earnings yield. Lincoln National Corporation's owner-earnings yield (free cash flow / enterprise value) currently sits at -2.5%. This is Buffett's preferred valuation lens because it asks "what does the business actually return to a 100% owner?" rather than accounting earnings that can be inflated by accruals. A yield above the 10-year Treasury plus a 4-5% equity-risk premium is the rough benchmark for "cheap" against a high-quality business.
Earnings yield (1/P/E). The inverted P/E gives an earnings yield of 26.2% - useful as a sanity-check against the owner-earnings yield above. Large gaps between the two usually mean either high stock-based compensation eroding cash earnings (yield gap negative) or aggressive working-capital management inflating cash earnings vs accounting earnings (yield gap positive).
What the framework concludes. Valuation alone doesn't decide whether LNC is a buy - Buffett's full rule is "a wonderful business at a fair price beats a fair business at a wonderful price." The valuation sub-score in the Buffett-Fit verdict on this page combines the metrics above with the company's underlying compounding rate (ROIC × reinvestment) to produce a single 0-100 number. Read the full verdict to see how it sits alongside moat strength, durability, management, and financial health.
A valuation no invest-like.com é avaliada contra três benchmarks: o rendimento dos lucros do proprietário (a métrica preferida do Buffett - fluxo de caixa livre dividido pelo valor da empresa), o múltiplo do valor intrínseco (DCF e DCF inverso), e o preço face à taxa de compounding subjacente.
O score pondera isso contra os benchmarks medianos de qualidade do setor - um P/L de 20 é barato para um compounder de software e caro para um produtor de commodities cíclico, por isso o bónus setorial conta. Apenas educativo, não é aconselhamento de investimento.
Análise de framework apenas educacional. Não é assessoria de investimento, nem uma recomendação, nem personalizado para sua situação. Sempre faça sua própria pesquisa.